Category: Uncategorized
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Chemical structures by Mode of Action (MOA)
This post discusses variation in insecticide chemical structures that share the same MOA, including natural and synthetic products, ordered roughly by weight of pesticide use in California during 2016 (O’Malley M. “Pesticides”, in Current Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 6th Edition. Edited by J. LaDou Robert Hearrison, McGraw-Hill, 2021). Individual MOAs fall into the following groups:…
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History of Pesticide Use – Timeline
Year or time-frame MOA Compounds Milestone 2500 BC Multi-site activity Sulfur Reported use by Sumerians as insecticide or insect repellent 470 BC-77 AD Multi-site activity Plant resins, dusts, possibly arsenic Pliny Natural History – describes Amurca- olive oil solid/liquid residue used for treatment of blight or root worms; bird control using buried ashes; Sandarach – …
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Pesticide Mode of Action as a concept
Outline Introduction – Importance of Mode of Action (MOA) to understanding effects on insects and humans Active ingredients (AIs) in 1974 reflected screened for maximum toxicity, ignoring environmental persistence and secondary effects; Current AIs and MOAs reflect screening for lower mammalian toxicity, fewer environmental efffects, illustrated with California data on pesticide use and illness surveillance…
Cholinesterase Monitoring Tools 